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Production of Antibodies and Hormones

Monoclonal antibody production

Rising time and cost pressures make the development and manufacturing of therapeutic proteins challenging. Antibodies dominate the biopharmaceutical market and their production is widely established. Alternative technologies like the recombinant production of antibody fragments and nanobodies, however, keep the research field exciting. Improved cultivation techniques such as perfusion and new possibilities in process analytics and automation offer companies the chance to set themselves apart from the competition.

Flexible solutions for all stages of development

Since the 1980s, production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using hybridoma cells has been accepted as an effective technology for cancer treatment. Meanwhile, mAbs make more than half of the total biopharmaceutical market. In antibody production, many factors have to be taken into account before entering the manufacturing stage.

Eppendorf bioprocess solutions support the upstream bioprocessing cycle from early development to scale-up to pilot-scale production. Powerful hardware and software tools help to build process understanding, implement control strategies, and streamline process scale-up.

Download infographic

The infographic describes the workflow of antibody development from cell line development to bioprocess development to manufacturing

Bioprocess development in cell culture

The production of complex biomedical proteins represents one of the primary applications in animal cell culture. During process development, research scientists need to find the optimum settings for critical process parameters, like temperature, pH, gassing rates as well as nutrient compositions, as they influence cell growth, product titers, and product quality.

Eppendorf offers parallel bioprocess systems at small and bench scale. They allow multiple experimental parameters to be tested simultaneously in one run, which ensures maximum comparability between runs and saves time and resources.

The application note highlights parallel CHO cell process development using a DASbox Mini Bioreactor System from Eppendorf

Parallel processing saves time, because multiple parameters can be tested in one run. Scientists at Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) demonstrated the comparability of parallel CHO cell bioprocesses run in DASbox® Mini Bioreactor System with BioBLU® 0.3c Single-Use Bioreactors.

Download application note (PDF)

CHO cell bioprocesses were carried out in parallel using the SciVario twin bioprocess control station

CHO cell fed-batch cultures in BioBLU® 1c and 3c Single-Use Bioreactors were controlled in parallel by the SciVario® twin bioreactor control system. This study highlights the SciVario twin’s capabilities to run complex processes simultaneously using various sized vessels.

Download application note (PDF)

The publication gives an introduction to Design of Experiments

In bioprocessing, a complex interplay of different parameters determines the progression of the process and the formation of the desired end product. Design of Experiments (DoE) can help uncover complex relationships while saving resources.

Read introduction to DoE

Bioprocess scale-up and technology transfer

Transferring a biologic candidate from the research and development phase to commercial production usually requires increasing the working volume of the upstream bioprocess. During scale-up, process performance optimized at small scale needs to be reproduced at larger scales, ideally without much need for process optimization at large working volumes.

Eppendorf offers scalable bioreactor systems for seamless bioprocess scale-up from R&D labs to pilot and manufacturing facilities. A wide selection of single-use bioreactors complements the portfolio of glass and stainless-steel vessels.

To streamline scale-up, bioengineers commonly use bioreactors with similar geometries at all scales and keep one or more parameters constant between vessels of different sizes, such as k_La, power input per liquid volume or tip speed.

The Scale Up Assist feature of the BioFlo 320 and BioFlo 720 simplifies scale-up strategy design, by considering vessel parameters of differently sized Eppendorf BioBLU^® Single-Use Bioreactors and Thermo Scientific™ HyPerforma™ Single-Use Bioreactors.

Get to know, how the Scale Up Assist simplified scaling-up mAB production in CHO cell cultures from bench to pilot-scale.

Download application note (PDF)

Illustration of a cell culture scale-up from small scale to pilot/ production scale

Read, how scientists at UGA Biopharma GmbH defined a strategy for scaling up a biosimilar production process from small to bench scale by comparing the bioreactors’ power numbers and k_La values.

Download application note

The study describes scale-up of a biosimilar production process using CHO cells

To successfully transfer processes between bioprocess systems and sites it is essential to ensure that pH readings in the different systems are comparable.

Scientists at Roche® Pharma Technical Development, Penzberg, Germany present a method for accurate in-line pH sensor recalibration based on CO₂ concentration in the exhaust, using a DASGIP® GA4 exhaust analyzer.

Download application note (PDF)

Workflow for pH sensor recalibration at different scales using an exhaust analyzer

Streamlining the transfer of an upstream bioprocess from research to production scale is critical for reducing biologics development costs and time to market. Winston Wong (Eppendorf Americas), Klaus Ferber (Eppendorf AG), Ben Asher (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and John Shyu (Corning Life Sciences) share their thoughts on scale-up challenges from an economical, operational, and application-related point of view.

Watch panel discussion

Perfusion

Increasing the efficiency of production processes is one of the major tasks biopharmaceutical manufacturers are facing nowadays. Continuous processing and perfusion cultivation are techniques to increase cell density and product titers while leading to smaller production volumes.

Eppendorf offers Fibra-Cel® Disks, a three-dimensional growth matrix to support perfusion without the need for cell filtration. Alternatively, the integration of cell retention devices with Eppendorf bioprocess systems facilitates perfusion based on tangential flow filtration.

> Download publication: Culture methods in mAb production

> Download application: Perfusion in CHO cell culture

The ebook reports a cell culture perfusion bioprocess

> Download publication: Cell culture bioprocessing in perfusion

> Download publication: mAb production with Fibra-Cel

> Download application note: Small scale perfusion using an ATF cell retention device

Process analytical technology and bioprocess automation

The integration of external data analysis into running production processes has attained major importance over the past years, pushed by the FDA`s process analytical technology (PAT) initiative. Inline analysis of process parameters helps to gain process understanding and facilitates automated process control.

Eppendorf bioprocess control software allows the integration of many external devices and the implementation of automated feedback control loops based on sensor readings.

> Watch webinar: Increasing upstream bioprocessing efficiency through process analytical technology

> Download eBook: QbD and PAT in biopharmaceutical development

Webinar explaining how to integrate sensors and analyzers with bioprocess control software using OPC communication and how to implement feedback control

The Applied Process Company (APC) integrated external PAT and an APC-developed controller with an Eppendorf DASGIP Parallel Bioreactor System. Online PAT measurement and control of critical process parameters led to greater understanding and the streamlined optimization of the bioprocess.

“The ability of the DASGIP system to integrate both the external PAT and in-house developed controllers was vital to the success of our application.”, comments Dr. Stephen Craven, Life Science Team Leader at APC.

> Download publication: A QbD approach to bioprocess intensification

> Download interview with Jessica Whelan

Study demonstrating integration of a Raman analyzer with DASware control software

Scientists at Resolution Spectra® Systems integrated a ProCellics® Raman analyzer with a BioFlo 320 bioprocess control system, to implement automated feeding of a CHO cell culture. The process was completely automated for glucose concentration management and did not require any human intervention throughout the process.

Download application note (PDF)

Study demonstrating integration of a Raman analyzer with BioFlo 320 controller for feed automation

At the University of Delaware, Babatunde A. Ogunnaike and his team have established the foundation for effective real-time online control of glycosylation patterns on monoclonal antibodies produced with Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. For establishing base regulatory control of key process variables known to effect glycosylation, they set up a bioprocess with nutrient control and cellular metabolite monitoring through integration of an external analyzer.

Download application note (PDF)

Nutrient analyzer integration to control antibody glycosylation in upstream bioprocess

Integration of a DASGIP® GA4 exhaust analyzer facilitated automated feeding of a Pichia culture based on keeping constant the respiratory quotient (RQ). Feeding optimization was automatically self-achieved as the culture created its own demand for feeding based on the drop of the RQ-value.

Download application note (PDF)