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- Challenges and Chances: A Review of the 1st Stem Cell Community Day
- Summertime, and the Livin’ Is Easy…
- Follow-on-Biologics – More than Simple Generics
- Bacteria Versus Body Cells: A 1:1 Tie
- Behind the Crime Scene: How Biological Traces Can Help to Convict Offenders
- Every 3 Seconds Someone in the World Is Affected by Alzheimer's
- HIV – It’s Still Not Under Control…
- How Many Will Be Convicted This Time?
- Malaria – the Battle is Not Lost
- Physicians on Standby: The Annual Flu Season Can Be Serious
- At the Forefront in Fighting Cancer
- Molecular Motors: Think Small and yet Smaller Again…
- Liquid Biopsy: Novel Methods May Ease Cancer Detection and Therapy
- They Are Invisible, Sneaky and Disgusting – But Today It’s Their Special Day!
- How Many Cells Are in Your Body? Probably More Than You Think!
- What You Need to Know about Antibiotic Resistance – Findings, Facts and Good Intentions
- Why Do Old Men Have Big Ears?
- The Condemned Live Longer: A Potential Paradigm Shift in Genetics
- From Research to Commerce
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Liquid Biopsy: Novel Methods May Ease Cancer Detection and Therapy
Découvrir les sciences de la vie
Breakthrough in individualized cancer treatment? US scientists are working on new methods to detect cancer in blood samples. The so-called liquid biopsy method is a promising alternative for individualized cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
Single blood draw for cancer testing
Traditional biopsy methods are currently the most common way to detect cancer. However, taking the tissue samples requires invasive surgery, which is not always possible to perform. Sometimes such an intervention is too exhausting for a weak patient, or the tumor is located in an unreachable part of the body. In contrast, liquid biopsy only needs a blood sample, making it much easier to carry out. In its original form, liquid biopsy is based on a determination of tumor markers from the blood. These markers are proteins that can be detected in high concentrations in certain tumor diseases. Nowadays, even malignant cells emitted into the blood stream by a tumor, and cell-free DNA scattered into the blood by dying tumor cells, can be detected.As good as the conventional way
A recent study presented at this year’s annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology demonstrates that blood tests can be an adequate non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy. In the large-scale genomic analysis, blood samples from more than 15,000 patients and 50 different tumor types were analyzed. It was one of the largest cancer studies ever conducted. Scientists at the University of California Comprehensive Davis Cancer Center in Sacramento, California observed that the mutation patterns in circulating tumor DNA in blood samples mirror those which are identified in traditional tumor tissue biopsy.A promising alternative
Another team of scientists at the University of Washington in Seattle pursued another strategy and published their study early this year in Cell, a scientific journal. They also analyzed cell-free tumor DNA from the blood, but were not looking for mutations as described above. Instead, their novel liquid biopsy method is based on DNA packaging structures, identifying what types of cells gave rise to the cell-free DNA. In a living cell, the DNA is folded around protein cores that build up structures called nucleosomes. Every cell has a slightly different way to pack its DNA. When a cell dies, its DNA is divided between the nucleosomes and then spread out to the blood. The resulting nucleosome patterns are specific to every single cell type. This phenomenon is the basis for the new approach, which analyzes the nucleosome footprint of cell-free DNA. In healthy humans, the scientists mainly found DNA from lymph nodes and bone marrow, tissues with high cell production and death rates. The nucleosome footprint is unique in cancer patients. It can reveal the origin of the primary tumor, which is currently not found in five percent of all cancer diseases.Vital hopes
The clinical implementation of liquid biopsy is not yet widespread. However, this novel method may revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy. It can improve monitoring the progression of the disease, the response to therapy and the development of treatment resistances. It allows personalized therapies and eases screening procedures.Lire plus
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