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- Challenges and Chances: A Review of the 1st Stem Cell Community Day
- Summertime, and the Livin’ Is Easy…
- Follow-on-Biologics – More than Simple Generics
- Bacteria Versus Body Cells: A 1:1 Tie
- Behind the Crime Scene: How Biological Traces Can Help to Convict Offenders
- Every 3 Seconds Someone in the World Is Affected by Alzheimer's
- HIV – It’s Still Not Under Control…
- How Many Will Be Convicted This Time?
- Malaria – the Battle is Not Lost
- Physicians on Standby: The Annual Flu Season Can Be Serious
- At the Forefront in Fighting Cancer
- Molecular Motors: Think Small and yet Smaller Again…
- Liquid Biopsy: Novel Methods May Ease Cancer Detection and Therapy
- They Are Invisible, Sneaky and Disgusting – But Today It’s Their Special Day!
- How Many Cells Are in Your Body? Probably More Than You Think!
- What You Need to Know about Antibiotic Resistance – Findings, Facts and Good Intentions
- Why Do Old Men Have Big Ears?
- The Condemned Live Longer: A Potential Paradigm Shift in Genetics
- From Research to Commerce
- Chronobiology – How the Cold Seasons Influence Our Biorhythms
- Taskforce Microbots: Targeted Treatment from Inside the Body
- Eyes on Cancer Therapy
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JP | JPY
Correct Settings for Liquid Types Simplify Automated Pipetting
Lab Academy
A well-designed automation software offers parameter settings for different liquid types. If the settings are not pre-programmed, it must be possible to individually set the parameters for optimal liquid aspiration and dispensing. Furthermore, for challenging liquids like cell culture medium or highly viscous solutions, additional options like “tip-dipping” or “mixing” should be selectable to simplify liquid transfer.
Challenging liquids such as viscous, volatile, infectious or protein-rich liquids can be transferred manually with the correct pipetting technique and tool. When using liquid handling robots and automation systems, the liquid type is usually not recognized automatically. The user must adjust distinct parameters for different liquid types to obtain accurate and precise pipetting results. Therefore, it is necessary to use a software that allows changing of those liquid handling related parameters. Ideally, optimized pre-settings for different liquid types, e.g. glycerol, alcohol 75 %, PCR premix, or protein should be entered in the software to simplify programming. Important parameters are the aspiration as well as dispensing speed. This regulates the movement of the piston in the dispensing tool. The speed can be stated in mm/s or µm/s. For viscous and volatile liquids, a slower speed is recommended than for aqueous solutions.
Another important option is the blow-out. A so-called blow delay is important to delay the blow-out and enable viscous liquids to flow down the tip completely. It is defined by the time in between the initial dispensing of the liquid and the final blow-out. When using pipette mode, the blow-out settings are of great importance when pipetting viscous liquids. When handling such liquids, accuracy and precision increase significantly with the correct blow delay and blow-out speed. When pipetting small volumes, the speed of the blow-out itself should be high. A high speed enables complete dispensing without drops clinging to the outside of the tip. Furthermore, pre-wetting in two or three cycles is essential for accurate transfer of volatile liquids. Ideally, the number of prewetting cycles is selectable in a reliable automation software. Another challenge is cell culture medium which tends to form foam due to the high protein content. Correct settings for this liquid type reduce or eliminate foam formation and increase pipetting accuracy and precision. Beyond that, cell culture medium drops easily attach to the outside of the pipette tip while aspirating or dispensing. A technique called “tip dipping” dips the tip into the liquid after the aspiration or dispensing to remove these drops on the outside of the tip. Using this feature, the correct sample volume is dispensed into the well or tube.
If no proper settings can be found after all for a liquid that is hardly expelled, the last option is a mix function. The liquid is then dispensed into the existing liquid and both liquids are mixed by up and down pipetting right in the tube or well. In this case, a well-designed automation software allows adjustment of mixing cycles, volume and speed. This mixing simplifies complete liquid dispensing and guarantees ideally stirred samples.
Another important option is the blow-out. A so-called blow delay is important to delay the blow-out and enable viscous liquids to flow down the tip completely. It is defined by the time in between the initial dispensing of the liquid and the final blow-out. When using pipette mode, the blow-out settings are of great importance when pipetting viscous liquids. When handling such liquids, accuracy and precision increase significantly with the correct blow delay and blow-out speed. When pipetting small volumes, the speed of the blow-out itself should be high. A high speed enables complete dispensing without drops clinging to the outside of the tip. Furthermore, pre-wetting in two or three cycles is essential for accurate transfer of volatile liquids. Ideally, the number of prewetting cycles is selectable in a reliable automation software. Another challenge is cell culture medium which tends to form foam due to the high protein content. Correct settings for this liquid type reduce or eliminate foam formation and increase pipetting accuracy and precision. Beyond that, cell culture medium drops easily attach to the outside of the pipette tip while aspirating or dispensing. A technique called “tip dipping” dips the tip into the liquid after the aspiration or dispensing to remove these drops on the outside of the tip. Using this feature, the correct sample volume is dispensed into the well or tube.
If no proper settings can be found after all for a liquid that is hardly expelled, the last option is a mix function. The liquid is then dispensed into the existing liquid and both liquids are mixed by up and down pipetting right in the tube or well. In this case, a well-designed automation software allows adjustment of mixing cycles, volume and speed. This mixing simplifies complete liquid dispensing and guarantees ideally stirred samples.
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